Harappa is a large village presently in the province of punjab in pakistan. Harappa civilization, definitely assignable to the fourth millennium b. Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. The mature phase of this civilization is known as the harappan civilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was the one at harappa, excavated in the 1920s in what was at the time the punjab province of british india now in pakistan. Harappa town planning is one of the most outstanding and remarkable features of harappa and the indus valley civilization, which is located in northwest india and pakistan. Some scholars like to believe that the large buildings found at harappa and mohenjodaro were in fact temples. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Pdf slides of all the environment videos, 700 slides for free video lectures and study materials on upsc ias preparation, please visit. One of the most important features of indus valley civilization was systematic town planning on the basis of the grid system which divided the city into several rectangular blocks. Mohenjodaro was considered a cosmopolitan city, the capital of the civilization with people of different races mingling with the local populace. Among the great civilizations of the ancient world. The most striking feature of harappan civilization is its townplanning and sanitation. The uniformity in the cities planning and construction. Harappan civilization town planning town planning was the hallmark of harappan culture harappan towns and cities were built as per grid pattern wherein roads and by lanes bisected each other at right angles.
Harappan city sites, including mohenjo daro, harappa, kalibangan, and surkotada were having large gateways at various entry points of the city. To the ancient mind, the concept of sacred space was inseparable from the practice of townplanning and architecture. Town planning system of indus valley civilization harappan. These gateways are seen even in the inner fortification areas also. There is an absence of any temple among the remains of the indus valley.
Harappa and mohenjodaro each had its own citadel or acropolis, which was possibly occupied by members of the ruling class. Mention any two sources to reconstruct the harappan civilization. The residents of this ancient civilization came with new techniques for handcraft and metallurgy. The basic layout of large harappan cities and towns shows a regular orientation. Harappan civilization is arguable the most advanced and maybe the oldest civilization in the ancient world.
Click download or read online button to get harappan civilization book now. We regret that we will not be able to provide you 15 pages long comparitive study of the h arappan and mesopotamian civilization. The granary was the largest structure, in harappa there were about six granaries or storehouses. The excavation undertaken in various places gives clear indication that the people of indus valley were primarily urban people. The orientation of streets and buildings, according to the cardinal directions eastwest, and northsouth was the distinguishing factor of the indussaraswati cities harappan city sites, including mohenjo daro, harappa, kalibangan, and surkotada were having large gateways at various entry points of the city. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in. The most striking features of the harappan cities is their town planning. As a term, harappa represents the entire indus valley civilization. Early and mature harappan phases in farmanan suggesting. Imposing order and structure is a natural human tendency not just for things and activities but also for natural resources like land and water. The ideals of ancient indian town planning seem to run deep through the concepts embedded in the harappan cities like mohenjodaro.
The major centres are harappa, mohenjodaro, kalibangan, lothal, sutkagendor, dholavira, etc. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Case study city planning and organization of indus valley civilization overview. Houses had rooms on three sides opening into a central courtyard nearly all large houses had private wells. Get complete video lectures from top expert with unlimited validity. It was believed to be a hub of art and culture and architecture. The indus cities whether harappa or mahenjodaro in pakistan or kalibangan, lothal or sarkotada in india shows town planning of a truly amazing nature. Town planning system the town planning system of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was city based. Harappan were expert in town planning compared to mesopotamians. Archaeological data indicates the persistence of the late harappan culture till 900 bc. Harappan civilization, introduction, facts and truth.
Each city was divided into a citadel area where the essential institutions of civil and religious life were located and the lower residential area where the urban population lived. The town planning of harappan were rectangular grid pattern where the mesopotamians were not. Town planning was the hallmark of harappan culture. Description about the great bath, streets, drainage system, granaries and buildings of harappa and. Excavation of harappan sites have been ongoing since 1920, with important breakthroughs occurring as.
Pdf download harappan civilization free unquote books. Jun 20, 2019 important features of indus valley civilization. City planning and organization of indus valley civilization ischools. Jan 15, 2018 indus valley civilization summary town structure consists of. Pdf new insights into harappan townplanning, proportions and. Town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. The excellent drainage and sanitation systems are remarkable. In this pdf, we have covered all important aspects of harappan civilization like its extent, geographical factors responsible for its development, social, economic, political and religious conditions, its town planning and possible reasons for its decline. Harappan towns and cities were built as per grid pattern wherein roads and by lanes bisected each other at right angles. Apr 30, 2019 one of the most important features of indus valley civilization was systematic town planning on the basis of the grid system which divided the city into several rectangular blocks. However, some important points are stated below to help you. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. Use the graphic organizer to draw conclusions about. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india.
Jun 21, 2018 the indus valley civilisation, also known as the harappan civilisation, is the oldest civilisation in asia. The ruins of the cities, so far unearthed, show remarkable town planning, and excellent system of drainage and sanitation of the indus. Kalibangan, a site of harappa had two major parts on the west citadel used for public gathering and the other was lower town consists of residential. The only city in the indus valley civilization which does not have a citadel was chanhu daro, located some kilometers south of mohenjodaro. Nov 09, 2017 in this pdf, we have covered all important aspects of harappan civilization like its extent, geographical factors responsible for its development, social, economic, political and religious conditions, its town planning and possible reasons for its decline. It is time to unearth the mysteries, myths and ignorance about the great harappa of the indus valley civilization. Post harappan deurbanisation scattered high technology appears out of sync to the life style saturation saturation saturation evolution of harappan civilisation 29 this could have been a result of any or all of the following. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system.
May 31, 2018 icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. The decline of this civilization which was the largest in bronze age civilization has been an enigma even today. Mohenjo daro city of the dead,was another large city. Harappan civilization download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Religion the religion of the indus people had some interesting aspects. Short essay on the townplanning of harappan civilization. Indus valley civilization or harappan culture study. Town planning in harrapan and mesopotiam civilisation. The present book is the first substantial publication on the. Basic house plans ranging from single room tenements to houses with courtyards and up to 12 rooms to great houses with several dozen rooms and several courtyards. Harappan culture is another popular term now used for the indus valley civilization. Srikanta sastri among the great civilizations of the ancient world, india may be said to possess the.
The harappan city was divided into the upper town also called the citadel and the lower town. T he harappan culture was distinguished by its system of town planning. The granary was the largest structure in mohenjodaro, and in harappan there were about six granaries or storehouses. The town planning of harappan culture is one of its most impressive aspects, as though it was the handiwork of a genius of an architect. The town planning of harappan civilization reveals that the civic organisations of the city were highly developed and even at the present age, the sites are special attractions for archaeologists. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. The various features of the town planning by the peoples were. Dilip chakrabarti echoes this in his recent observation. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. The most amazing aspect of mohenjodaro and harappa is the town planning.
Indus valley civilization summary town structure consists of. The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage. This is proved by the town planning of harappan civilization. The urban settlements and great civilization has been ignored by the historian for too long. Rediscovering harappa falls under the genre of museum special. The story of harappan civilisation tathya india medium. The harappan city was divided into the upper town called citadel and the lower town.
Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. I need an urgent 15 pages long comparitive study of harappan and mesopotamian civilization. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization article pdf available in social evolution and history 10no 2 september 2011. The harappan civilization is called so because the harappan site was the first to be discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the province of west punjab in pakistan. Can you fin 2 objects in the gallery which were part. The harappan culture was distinguished by its system of town planning. The town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. Drainage system in indus civilization towns was very impressive. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area.
The various features of the harappan town planning is given below. Sep 01, 2016 the most striking features of the harappan cities is their town planning. The drains of harappan were perfect and they were well covered as compared to mesopotami. Garg, divya case study city planning and organization of. The town planning of harappan civilization reveals that the civic organisations of the city were highly developed and even at the present age, the sites are special. The indus valley civilisation, also known as the harappan civilisation, is the oldest civilisation in asia. The site of harappa is important in that it has provided proof of not just the indus valley civilization as it was in its prime, but also of preceding and succeeding cultures as well and is the only site included in this category. They followed a system of centralized administration. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian. One finds the streets and lanes lay out according to a set plan.
The salient features of the indus valley civilization. Streets get unlimited access to the best preparation resource for ugc paper1hindi. Harappan civilization also known as indus civilization 23001750 bce or 26001900 bce chapter 3, pp. Name one important building of indus valley civilisation and its importance. The engineering skills of harappans was way ahead of their time. This ancient civilization has amazed historians with its unprecedented organizing principles, which were used to plan, develop and evolve the towns and cities. Following a tradition in archaeology, the civilisation is sometimes referred to as the harappan, after its type site, harappa, the first site to be excavated in the 1920s. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. Dec 10, 2017 town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. However, one can see the various elements of the ancient indus valley civilization in later cultures. The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated.
The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage system, the great bath, the assembly hall. It was the first city of this civilization to be discovered and therefore is considered the type site. Main features harappan civilization indus valley civilization history 9 ssc. The modern town is a part of, and lies next to, the ancient city. The most remarkable feature of the harappan civilization was its urbanisation. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short note. Rediscovering harappa the ancient indus civilization. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Dec 29, 2015 at its peak, the civilization had more than 5 million population. Take a look at town planning, religious practises, languages, technology, arts and crafts, and the decline of the indus valley civilisation. Harappan town planning the orientation of streets and buildings, according to the cardinal directions eastwest, and northsouth was the distinguishing factor of the indussaraswati c. An overview of harappan architecture and town planning. The harappan town of rojdi has been known to archaeologists for several decades and has been the subject of extensive excavation.
The ruins of the cities, so far unearthed, show remarkable town planning, and excellent system of drainage and sanitation of the indus valley. The harappan civilization was known for its accurate town planning and roads that where wide and straight. At its peak, the civilization had more than 5 million population. Townplanning of harappan culture your article library. Jul 11, 2018 harappan were expert in town planning compared to mesopotamians. How does the town planning differ between harappan and. Jul 24, 2016 the harappan places which were small towns, show an advanced sense of town planning. The size of the area is around the size of england, france and spain combined.
In every aspect like roads, houses, drainage, bath, granary, the harappan people have left an imprint of originality and brilliance. Pdf dholaviras elaborate townplanning rests on the conscious. Then, lothal is different from other sites of indus valley civilization in terms of town planning that it has entry to the houses on the main street while in other sites have shown lateral entry. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan. The townplanning of harappan culture is one of its most impressive aspects, as though it was the handiwork of a genius of an architect. In mohenjodaro and harappa, the citadel was surrounded by a brick wall. Harappan civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world. The average size of the harappa bricks corresponds exactly to. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. May 04, 2011 then, lothal is different from other sites of indus valley civilization in terms of town planning that it has entry to the houses on the main street while in other sites have shown lateral entry. Town planning and architecture in mohenjodaro class 12. Archaeological data indicates the persistence of the late harappan culture until 900 bc. Sep 04, 2019 archaeological data indicates the persistence of the late harappan culture until 900 bc.